Back pain
Back pain is very common and most episodes improve over time. Some, however, need proper assessment, especially when pain travels down the leg, comes with weakness, or does not improve.
Common symptoms
- Dull or sharp pain in the lower or upper back
- Stiffness after rest, or pain on bending and lifting
- Pain spreading to the buttock, thigh or leg
- Tingling or numbness in the leg or foot
- Pain that is worse on sitting for long hours
Common causes
- Muscle or ligament strain
- Disc problems in the spine
- Age-related wear of the spine joints
- Poor posture and long hours of sitting
- Injury or, in some people, weak bones
When to see an orthopaedic doctor
- Back pain that lasts more than a few weeks
- Pain that spreads down the leg
- Pain that wakes you at night or is not relieved by rest
- Back pain after a fall or injury
Seek urgent care if you have
- Loss of control over urine or stools
- Numbness around the groin or inner thighs
- New weakness in one or both legs
- Back pain with fever, or after a serious accident
Go to the nearest emergency department. Do not wait for a clinic appointment.
What to expect at your consultation
- 01
Tell us your concern
Describe when it began, what makes it better or worse, and how it affects your day.
- 02
Examination
The doctor checks movement, strength, swelling and tenderness of the affected area.
- 03
Tests, only if needed
X-rays or other tests are suggested only when they will help decide the next step.
- 04
Discuss the plan
You will hear the likely cause, the options available and what to expect next.
Common questions
Do I need an X-ray or scan for back pain?
Not always. Many cases are assessed by history and examination alone. Tests are advised when they are likely to change the plan.
Is it safe to exercise with back pain?
Gentle activity helps many people, but the right movements depend on the cause. Please ask the doctor which activities suit you before starting.
This page is general health information. It is not a diagnosis and does not replace an examination by a doctor. Treatment depends on your individual situation.
Other guides
All conditionsKnee pain
Pain, swelling or stiffness around the knee, with or without a recent injury.
Read the guideHip pain
Pain in the groin, outer hip or buttock that affects walking, sitting or sleeping.
Read the guideNeck pain
Neck stiffness or pain, sometimes with pain or tingling in the shoulder and arm.
Read the guideShoulder pain
Pain or stiffness in the shoulder that limits lifting, reaching or sleeping.
Read the guide