Arthritis and joint stiffness
Arthritis means inflammation or wear of a joint. There are many types. Osteoarthritis, linked to wear, is the most common, while others are caused by the body’s immune system or by deposits in the joint.
Common symptoms
- Joint pain that is worse with activity or at the end of the day
- Morning stiffness
- Swelling, warmth or tenderness of joints
- Reduced movement or difficulty with daily tasks
- Visible change in the shape of the joint over time
Common causes
- Wear of joint cartilage with age (osteoarthritis)
- Immune-related inflammation (such as rheumatoid arthritis)
- Crystal deposits in a joint (such as gout)
- Previous injury to the joint
- Family history and extra body weight
When to see an orthopaedic doctor
- Joint pain or stiffness lasting more than a few weeks
- Stiffness lasting long after waking in the morning
- Swelling of several joints
- Difficulty with walking, gripping or other daily tasks
Seek urgent care if you have
- A single joint that is suddenly hot, red, swollen and very painful
- Joint pain with fever
- Sudden inability to move a joint
- New numbness or weakness in a limb
Go to the nearest emergency department. Do not wait for a clinic appointment.
What to expect at your consultation
- 01
Tell us your concern
Describe when it began, what makes it better or worse, and how it affects your day.
- 02
Examination
The doctor checks movement, strength, swelling and tenderness of the affected area.
- 03
Tests, only if needed
X-rays or other tests are suggested only when they will help decide the next step.
- 04
Discuss the plan
You will hear the likely cause, the options available and what to expect next.
Common questions
Can arthritis be cured?
Most types are long-term conditions, but symptoms can often be managed well. The doctor will explain the likely type and the options for your situation.
Are all joint pains arthritis?
No. Tendon, ligament and nerve problems can feel similar. Examination and sometimes tests help identify the cause.
This page is general health information. It is not a diagnosis and does not replace an examination by a doctor. Treatment depends on your individual situation.
Other guides
All conditionsKnee pain
Pain, swelling or stiffness around the knee, with or without a recent injury.
Read the guideHip pain
Pain in the groin, outer hip or buttock that affects walking, sitting or sleeping.
Read the guideBack pain
Pain in the lower or upper back, sometimes spreading into the leg.
Read the guideNeck pain
Neck stiffness or pain, sometimes with pain or tingling in the shoulder and arm.
Read the guide